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Previously unreleased reports reveal familiar test security issues

City educators gave out answers to state test questions, inflated Regents exam scores, and coached students to change incorrect responses dozens of times in recent years, according to reports from a slew of investigations into test improprieties.

Responding to a Freedom of Information Law request by GothamSchools for information about complaints about test security, the Department of Education released 97 reports from investigations that concluded violations had taken place. The reports were completed between 2006 and 2012 by the Department of Education’s Office of Special Investigations and the independent Special Commissioner of Investigation.

Thirty-eight of the reports documented relatively minor violations of administrative protocol. In multiple cases, for example, investigators found that teachers had photocopied exam books when there were too few before getting official permission.

But 59 of the reports substantiated allegations about cheating, some of them serious.

One of the people found to have participated in cheating in a newly released report told GothamSchools today that an administrative trial ultimately concluded that no misconduct had taken place. The department did not immediately provide details about what happened in the cases after the investigations were over.

The number of cases are not a comprehensive accounting of the scale in which cheating occurs in schools. Investigators in some of the reports suggest that suspicious activities could go underreported. But the cases do provide a snapshot of what lengths teachers go to — and the ease in which they can attempt them — to inflate their students’ test scores

Some of the reports have been made public in the past. The report dump includes the report on Ruth Ralston, found to have changed students’ answers and lied about it at the High School of Contemporary Arts, and Joyce Plush-Saly, under whose watch teachers at P.S. 58 in Brooklyn gave students test answers in advance.

But the vast majority of the reports had not previously been released. SCI releases reports only about 5 percent of the time when it concludes that wrongdoing has taken place, and OSI rarely releases any reports at all.

The newly released reports include ones in which students recount the creative strategies their teachers used to alert them to incorrect answers and, in some cases, to the correct ones as well. They also include reports about schools — such as Hillcrest High School in 2007 and New Utrecht High School in 2010 — where large numbers of students were found to have received passing Regents exam scores when they actually failed.

A year ago, the Department of Education moved to crack down on Regents exam grade inflation, introducing a new grading system that went into place citywide this month in which teachers no longer grade tests taken at their schools. Officials attributed a significant decline in the number of just-passing scores on exams taken last June to a pilot of the “distributed grading” system. A state decision to eliminate “regrading” has further reduced opportunities to inflate students’ scores, although cheating is still possible.

Department officials emphasized that the number of substantiated allegations about cheating in the last several years has been very small and that the city’s test security requirements have been stricter than what the state has required.

“We have zero tolerance for cheating and all violators are disciplined,” Connie Pankratz, a spokeswoman, said in a statement. “The department goes above and beyond the state’s test security requirements with unannounced visits by test monitors and stricter protocols such as immediately removing completed test materials from schools. These measures work.”

Since last year, the state has been ramping up its test security practices and now is set to exceed the city’s regulations. In addition, a new test security office at the state level is preparing to launch investigations based not only on allegations but also on test score data that raise red flags. Virtually all of the reports released today stemmed from allegations first made by teachers or principals, but a handful suggested that city and state data analysts had played a role in identifying suspicious score patterns.

Just one substantiated report found evidence of cheating based on allegations made by teachers who found that their students were not prepared for the next grade. Students from multiple schools arrived at M.S. 218 in Brooklyn with high scores but low skills, and investigators ultimately concluded that teachers at the elementary schools had provided test answers to fifth-graders the previous year.

Last year, two Brooklyn schools were placed under investigation for the same reason, but teachers and administrators at other schools that experience large “swing rates” in new students’ test scores sometimes do not alert the Department of Education about their suspicions. Department officials have said they do not launch investigations based on data anomalies alone.

  • A.S.Neill

    Congratulations to Gotham for uncovering this data. Seems Pooh keeps getting his hand caught in the honey jar. And this is before the teacher evaluation based on state exam results. Seems team work works since DOE doesn’t investigate those “large swing rates” without a complaint.ummm

  • GUEST

    How absurd it seems to people such as myself who spent decades teaching high school subjects such as math or science, who for decades graded Regents exams without all of this garbage.  Of course we re-read marginal papers; the grading of such papers is not brain surgery.  Student free responses as opposed to short answers were subject to interpretations and needed interpretations by professionals.  And two professionals could look at the same student response and cme up with slightly different scores and neither would be wrong.  Should a child fail because of the luck of the draw which teacher graded his or her paper?  And so we often gave a student the benefit of the doubt.  And nobody said we were cheating because we most assuredly were not.

    The Regents exams were never meant, repeat never meant to evalute the effectiveness of a teacher or department or school.  They were simply intended to provide a uniform course of study throughout the tate so that a student taking a Chemistry Regents in Buffalo got and took pretty much the same course as a student taking the same subject in Brooklyn.  And it allowed SUNY to gauge the reliability of student grades.  A student getting a grade of 85 in general should get somewhat around 85 on the Regents exam.

    Of course these were real Regents exams without cheat sheets and without inflated scoring tables where a student amassing 35% of the credits on an Algebra regents is considered to have passed.  We graded the papers yes and in some marginal cases may have pushed a tad but it was done as what all education should be about, in the best interests of the student not to make some bureaucrat happy and be able to brag about “improving” the results and “toughening” the standards.  How many students have needlessly failed these Regents exams because of this let’s not re-check to see if we missed something?

    Am I glad I have long since retired and not have had to deal with this madness and that’s what it is madness.  We gave the Regents exams the proper respect and used them for what their intended purpose was and didn’t sit around comparing School A’s results with School B.

    But then again, we were educators and professionals and more importantly worked for professionals and our supervisors wanted nothing less.  And we had real Principals not the kind Bloomberg seems to prefer.  I feel for those of you still working in this lunacy world where they are proud that marginal Regents exam papers are not re-read.  Good luck to you all.

  • MarkP12997

    Ofcouse it’s human nature to give your own students the benefit of the doubt when an answer is marginal. Just imagine if you were grading your own child’s exam. So please spare me the morality comments, we all know its true.
    Although most teachers and admins think the state’s distributive grading model sucks, it’s effective in removing the personal connection. Therefore grading is more fair, faster, and less stressful for the grader. Fully electronic scoring is an even more effective and efficient system. Believe me I was the biggest sceptic but soon realized its power.
    Yes, grades will undoubtedly fall this Jan and again in June, but think of it as an “economic correction.” We’ll be back in a level playing field and we’ll soon forget all of this in a few years as it will become the norm.

  • Philip Nobile

     
     
    “We have zero tolerance for cheating and all violators are disciplined,” Connie Pankratz, a spokeswoman, said in a statement.

    Pankratz statement is an outrageous lie. How pathetic that Chancellor Walcott would trot out his version of Baghdad Bob to deny the obvious— under Mayor Bloomberg, and with the full cooperation of UFT Presidents Weingarten and Mulgrew, as well as NYSED, the DOE has tolerated and therefore encouraged Regents inflation. All the better to pump up graduation rates and pretend that reform was working. Whoever told Pankratz what to say must come forward and retract.

    Nine years ago the New York Post published an anecdotal story on test tampering. (“Teachers Cheat: Inflating Regents Scores To Pass Kids,” January 26, 2004). In a next day follow-up Chancellor Klein remarked: “There better not be any fudging on the Regents numbers. I’m certainly prepared to enforce [the rules against cheating] . . . If people are trying once again to take shortcuts, we’ve got to put an end to that.” As if.

    Two years ago, the Wall Street Journal published an incriminating  sequel reporting that 5 to 10 percent of Regents passes were failures. The recently retired Klein cravenly took the Fifth with a no comment.  (“Students’ Regents Test Scores Bulge at 65,” February 2, 2011) Neither the Mayor, nor Walcott, nor Senior Deputy Chancellor Shael Polakow-Suransky dared contest the Journal’s devastating findings that deflated the Mayor’s boast of historic grad rates.

    After I publically confronted Walcott at an E4E meeting about his eyes wide shut denial of the city’s muted Regents scandal, Suransky graciously invited me to Tweed to hear my critique. I am sorry to say that he was relatively clueless. For example, he attempted to explain away the 65 bulge as an artifact of the state’s scoring rubric requiring a review of marks between 62 and 64. But that requirement pertained only to math exams, not humanities like English, Social Studies, etc. Further, in an email he downplayed the significance of the Journal’s claim that up to 10 percent of Regents passes were actually failures. “Students as you know retake exams that they fail so its impossible to accurately predict whether a student that got a passing grade of 65 – when they shouldn’t have – wouldn’t have graduated on time after re-taking the exam again later the same year if they had indeed failed. This is not the kind of tortured reasoning expected of an educator of Suransky’s stature.

    What the city needs is a Truth Commission to get to the bottom of the perennial corruption behind Regents grading. Fat chance. Neither the Mayor, nor Tweed, nor UFT, none with clean hands, can stand the truth. At long last, increased security may put an end to Regents inflation. But there is another dirty little secret still corroding our schools—the unmentionable 65 bulge in course grades whose full disclosure would reveal an unimaginable achievement gap.  

  • Pogue

     Sadly, the economic correction you’re talking about could also mean getting rid of experienced teachers, because as grades go down, (as is the desire of the DOE and NYSED), schools will be closed and experienced teachers will ne be rehired because of their price.  Thus, a “level playing field” will mean nothing to teachers who have dedicated many years to children who have been pushed out of the profession.

    Currently, all the NYC DOE and NYSED do is destructive and harms children parents, and teachers alike.  From Common Core to Danielson to more testing to the de-professionalism of teaching to the lack of arts and extracurriculars to the distrust of teachers, their decisions are consistently anti true-education.

  • Michael Fiorillo

    Yes, and we all know there is no margin of error on these exams, and thus a significant difference exists (when speaking about the Regents exams) between a 64 and a 65, enough of a difference to prevent a student who otherwise meets the requirements from graduating, or to judge a teacher as “Ineffective.”

  • A.S.Neill

    The real smoke and mirror game here is that to pass the Algebra Regents with a 65 a student only needs to answer correctly 36% of the questions correctly (the raw score) since the “65″ is a scaled score. Change the difficulty of the questions slightly and and alter the scale factor and NY can move the pass rate up or down pretty much at will. Pedagogically, we might also wonder why we require a curriculum that a student is only expected to know about one third to pass. A look at the Algebra Regents before 1900 for example, shows a pass rate was 75% and there was no scale. Oh wait, I forgot we’re in the “Race to the Top” now.  

  • GUEST

    Plus students of today are given a cheat sheet because heaven forbid the poor little darlings should be required to learn the definitions of the 3 fundamental trig functions and also some idiots decreed students should not have to factor quadratic trinomials if the coefficient of the second degree term is greater than 1.  Among the ways the exam has been dumbed down.

    But notice please that you can’t go to the State Ed web site and see the conversion table as well as the cheat sheet given to students.  It would be very embarassing.

  • Thompsonformayor

    How can this mayor call the recent eval talks a sham…Look at this article which talks about the ATRs.  This is a bloomterd creation. Why are schools struggling with short staffing and huge class sizes. schools with no guidance counselors, schools with no social workers…..Why, why not have these people work in the schools??  I can tell you that most of the ATRs are doing nothing but sitting around in a media lab This my friends is what is called a bloomterd SHAM.  Why would this bloomterd keep teachers, social workers, guidance counselors even APs in limbo while still getting paid,…

  • Nyr686

    Bloomberg has previously been accused of sexually harassing women under his employment, which he has denied.[65][66] In 1997 a former Bloomberg L.P. employee filed a lawsuit accusing Bloomberg of having responded to her announcement to him that she was pregnant in 1995 by saying, “Kill it!” followed by “Great, No. 16″, which she cited a reference to the number of pregnant women in the company at the time.

  • Timetovent

    Why are only the ELA Regents and Algebra Regents graded off site?  They had to change Global back to on-site because they couldn’t get enough graders to work over the weekend.  Cheating occurs in all subjects.  Why are only English and Math teachers not trusted?  It needs to be across the board.  What’s good for the goose is good for the gaggle. 

  • Timetovent

    In my school is wasn’t the teachers inflating the grades but the Administration.  We were told in the past to play with the numbers, try to get the grade to a 65 or 75 for college, the milk of human kindness should always be flowing, give the student the higher grade when  you’re stuck between two grades, can someone with a kind heart look at this test and try to bring the grade up?

  • Philip Nobile

    To Timetovent: I wish you (and all teachers) would drop the names on Gotham of the schools where cheating is encouraged by principals and APs. Such disclosures would demonstrate that the DOE lies when it foolishly claims that test tampering is neither tolerated nor subject to punishment. If I give you my email, would you send me the name of your school and I will report it to the state. Thanks.

  • TeachOne

    Unless,  your supervisors are upset with your statistics, which keeps them from a bonus. Next step,  your administration will deeply scrutinize your practice so you can receive a U. They’ll start shopping around for a cheaper new teacher. Under the proposed evaluation system, two U’s in a row means, your out of a job!!  

    The silver lining may be, for the state and city to reevaluate, how test scores should influence the rating of a teacher. There are too many variables here in the city.

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