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Study: In NYC, traditional K-5, 6-8 grade arrangements do worst

Graduating from one school to another for sixth grade is typical, but the arrangement is not ideal for student achievement.

That’s according to a new study the compared the varied pathways that city students took to eighth grade from 1995 to 2002. The report, “The Path Not Taken: How Does School Organization Affect Eighth-Grade Achievement?”, was just released in the Summer 2011 issue of the journal Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis.

Led by Amy Ellen Schwartz and Leanna Stiefel at New York University, the researchers looked at “grade span paths,” or the grade configurations of the schools that students attended on their way to eighth grade. With more than 900 elementary and middle schools, New York City boasted 28 different grade span paths during the period studied, the report notes, making it an ideal laboratory to study effects of school organization on student achievement.

Looking at eighth-grade state and city test scores and controlling for a host of other factors, the researchers found that students who moved from K-4 schools to 5-8 schools and students who remained enrolled in a single K-8 school outperformed students who moved to middle school in sixth grade. But they couldn’t conclude why those arrangements were more successful.

“Our results suggest that changing school less frequently, changing schools at an earlier grade, a smaller size of the within-school cohort, and the stability of students’ peer cohorts are the most likely explanations for these positive performance differences,” the researchers write.

And they caution that simply changing all schools to the models they deemed most effective wouldn’t necessarily produce uniformly improved student achievement.

Since the study’s data was generated, the city began to manage middle schools admissions centrally, and charter schools became more prevalent. Many charter schools follow the grade arrangements that the researchers conclude are most conducive to student achievement.

  • MoreDOEidiocy

    I am in a 5-8 middle school. And guess what? This will be the last year with Grade 5. The city decided to put a suspension site into my school instead of keeping the fifth grade.

  • Follow the Money

    Stability is good for children? Glad they commissioned a study to figure that out!

  • NYCParent

    If memory serves, the schools that followed the 5-8 grade configuration in that timeframe (1995-2002) were often G & T programs, which in itself would explain the difference in test scores.  Also, the tests were changed during that timeframe, further skewing results, much as the recent “recalibration” has.

    Charter middle schools probably start in 5th grade partly so they can get a first pass at high-performing kids based on 4th grade test scores, and also so they can remove strugggling students quickly and still have grades 6-8 to produce their “stellar” results.  Much of the “counseling out” happens between 5th and 6th grades, letting those students rejoin their cohort in the mainstream public schools in 6th grade.

  • NYCParent

    If memory serves, the schools that followed the 5-8 grade configuration in that timeframe (1995-2002) were often G & T programs, which in itself would explain the difference in test scores.  Also, the tests were changed during that timeframe, further skewing results, much as the recent “recalibration” has.

    Charter middle schools probably start in 5th grade partly so they can get a first pass at high-performing kids based on 4th grade test scores, and also so they can remove strugggling students quickly and still have grades 6-8 to produce their “stellar” results.  Much of the “counseling out” happens between 5th and 6th grades, letting those students rejoin their cohort in the mainstream public schools in 6th grade.

  • http://bubbler.wordpress.com/ Mark

    Seems like these results may be rendered null if we actually had a coherent core curriculum.

  • Ellen

    If memory serves weren’t we all told that the jhs/is configuration would meet the emotional and educational needs of pre-teens?   Or, and more realistically, were we forced into creating the jhs/is so that competition with non public schools that went k-8 (read Catholic schools) wouldn’t be so strong.

  • guest

    I wouldn’t want my 2nd grader in the same school with a 8th grader.  Sorry, not safe.

  • Ellen

    As I thought when my chidlren were in  2nd grade at school.  However, as they entered 8th grade I wasn’t so adamant.  Since my child was the 8th grader I was not so sure it was a bad idea. 
    One of the positives (not that I agree) with Catholic, private/ independent and other religious schools is that, for the most part, parents like the k-8 configuration
    To use an old adage, thats why there is chocolate and vanilla.  We enjoy choices

  • flerpo

    depends on what 8th graders we’re talking about, i would think. 

  • Ellen

    flerpo
    I guess we will have to make some assumptions about other people’s eigth graders…do you know anyone who want’s their eigth grader to be a rotten kid to second graders?  how do we make that decision? 
    therein lies the rub: whose eight grader are we talking about?

  • ms. v.

    I attended a conference on middle level education last year, and was surprised by many workshops on aspects of school structure, behavior management, advisory programs, etc. that transform middle school from a form of purgatory into a model that can really meet the specific developmental needs of the age group. Few of the ideas I encountered there get much real attention in NYC, at least in the places I’ve worked (until recently). 

    On the other hand, I think narrow age ranges cost schools many opportunities in the kind of community that can be created, where younger children learn from and look up to older, and older children see themselves as mentors and role models. Again, though, this won’t work if you treat all the students as though they have the same needs – attention needs to be paid to how their needs change as they grow up.

  • flerpo

    sorry, it’s not clear to me what you’re trying to say. 

  • Confusing Truncation

    Office of Portfolio & Planning changed our school to a K-5 this fall (we were K-6 last year).  Apparently they discovered we had more 6th graders than the zoned middle school we fed into.  Another feeder school didn’t want their 6th grade anymore, so it was decided “there is a need for single entry point to MS in the Rockaways” and apparently we were the last K-6 school left.  Central came out for their “Educational Impact Statements” and told parents entering MS in 6th was better than 7th, and would help their children get into better high schools (by giving them a transition year) since they look at 7th grade scores for admission decisions (since 8th grade scores aren’t available by the time HS make their decisions).  I guess that’s one way to look at the data, but what they neglected to see was that our 6th graders were doing MUCH better than the 6th graders in the zones MS.  All of this after we were encouraged to apply to become a K-8 school the 2 years prior, but they’d only ever give 1 week notice to apply…what school can create a whole MS plan/program/proposal in one week?!  To make a long story short, no word yet on what may/may not be coming into the building next year.

  • SSmith

    Charter schools aren’t allowed to pick their students. It’s all by lottery. Also can’t remove struggling students. Don’t hate on my underprivileged kids, they deserve the very best. Speculation shows your ignorance.

  • SSmith

    Charter schools aren’t allowed to pick their students. It’s all by lottery. Also can’t remove struggling students. Don’t hate on my underprivileged kids, they deserve the very best. Speculation shows your ignorance.

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