GothamSchools — daily independent reporting on NYC public schools

Facing the Train

Retaining Our Collective Memory

What knowledge and skills do we want brand-new teachers in New York City to have before they enter a classroom? Besides the obvious — how to plan engaging lessons, how to support students with learning, and how to manage a classroom — what else is critical for the first-time teacher to know? What kind of conversations should an individual have engaged in before New York State grants that person the right to be the lone adult in a classroom full of impressionable minds?

These are some of the questions that a small group of individuals and I have been grappling with during member meetings of the New York Collective of Radical Educators. On the first Friday of every month we sit together to strengthen our analysis of these issues devise strategies to address them.

One of the very first actions that came out of this working group was the creation of an open letter from newer teachers in support of seniority rights. We feel that so-called “great new teachers” are being used as an argument to end the seniority rule for layoffs, even though we as newer teachers recognize the rule’s critical importance to keeping the most experienced teachers in our schools and protecting them from discriminatory dismissal as their compensation increases. I have had many conversations with newer teachers who initially expressed support for Mayor Bloomberg’s plan to end seniority-based layoffs, but then changed their tune as they heard more about the history of the struggle to win and maintain seniority-based layoffs and why its change would negatively affect our students and the cultures of our schools. Our arguments as newer teachers against “merit-based” layoffs are more fully outlined in our letter.

Over the last 10 years under mayoral control, New York City’s teaching force has become significantly less experienced. This change can be attributed, at least in part, to the DOE’s heavy reliance on programs like New York City Teaching Fellows and Teach for America to do teacher recruitment, which require only a two-year commitment from teachers they hire. Recruits to these programs are required to undergo almost no training or coursework in education before beginning teaching. Not only are they less prepared in basic teaching practices, they also have even less knowledge of education history than traditionally certified teacher who take courses in which they study historical movements within education. There are many important critiques of these alternative-certification programs that are worth developing further, but as I have a tendency to write rather long posts I am going to try to save my thoughts on these critiques for a future piece.

Instead I want to reflect on something I have been thinking about a lot lately: As the teaching force becomes less experienced, we are losing our collective memory. More teachers are walking into classrooms with very little knowledge of the history of struggles within the New York City public school system and with little understanding of the importance of having a strong union to protect students and educators.

I am lucky enough to be able to work closely with quite a few more experienced teachers, and I cherish these relationships. The teachers in my school who have been teaching for a long time have an understanding of the system that I can only dream of having, and I find them to be an invaluable resource when I have a question or want to discuss an idea. After every meeting of the Grassroots Education Movement, which is made up predominantly of teachers with significant experience in the classroom, I leave feeling invigorated by what I have just learned from my more experienced colleagues. Each meeting is like an intense monthly history lesson on anything from the fight for community control and its impact on teacher-community relations to the unrelenting push for privatization that has changed forms over the years but that we are now losing in its current incarnation.

Can we find ways to fill in the gaps in knowledge between experienced educators and those who are less experienced or even alternatively certified? It would be nice if the Department of Education offered these kinds of history lessons, but with its intense focus on new ways to test and hold students and teachers accountable, the DOE seems unlikely to consider the lessons of the past to be important knowledge for its teachers to possess. The UFT could certainly take on that role, and the union does make an impressive catalog of historical articles from the union newspaper available online. But it doesn’t seem to recognize the extent to which the DOE’s new recruitment and retention policies have created a profound divide in beliefs about teacher protections, DOE practices like school closings, and even what constitutes good teaching. The UFT could be countering this divide by offering history lessons in their office or encouraging school-based discussion groups among chapters. Unfortunately this is not happening.

One of the projects our NYCORE working group has decided to tackle is to develop a summer speaker series that would address these knowledge gaps. We are hoping to hold talks this summer on such topics as anti-racist education practice, the benefits and drawbacks of alternative certification programs, the impact of mayoral control, a history of the city’s school system, a history of the UFT, the impact of high-stakes testing, etc. If you’re interested in helping us organize for this series you can join us at the next member meeting.

Of course no speaker series can provide a full opportunity for individuals to develop the understanding that comes with years of teaching experience, but as most of the organizers came through alternative certification programs ourselves, we can at least create a forum that provides access to the concepts and ideas we wish we had been exposed to before our first day in the classroom.

  • http://bubbler.wordpress.com/ Mark

    I think you are taking a critique–that younger teachers often are unaware of the history of the labor movement in education–and overextending it into a critique of the DOE, of mayoral control, and of alternative certification. First of all, I fail to understand how having a deeper background of the history of education translates into a better ability to teach (this seems to be what you are implying). I agree with you that it is important, but I think these are unrelated. Second of all, you state that teachers coming from alternative certification routes are “less prepared in basic teaching practices,” yet research does not bear out this statement–rather, alternatively certified teachers have been just as effective as traditionally certified teachers in their first years in the classroom.
    TFA certainly can bear criticism in that it focuses solely on recruitment vs. retention, but ultimately, the field of education in general must answer to the critique against retention. No matter where the teachers are coming from, turnover–most especially in high needs schools–is high. This speaks to the poor working conditions of schools, as well as antiquated human capital models of treating teachers like interchangeable parts.
    What I believe you are really arguing for here is greater collaboration and communication between ALL teachers. That’s something I can agree wholeheartedly with.

  • Rex

    Amen, Mark. Very well said.

  • Miss Eyre

    As an alternatively certified teacher, I 100% agree with Liza’s assertion that teachers coming into the profession via such pathways are vastly underprepared in basic teaching practices.

  • Mustafa

    Mark, I think you’re overextending here.

    I think what Liza’s saying is that alternatively certified teachers, whether due to the naivety of youth or remnants of corporate cut throatness, are unaware of the history and struggles fought to get the rights we currently have now. This makes them susceptible to incorrect suggestions that they’re unnecessary and that the system will do what is ethically right.

  • http://twitter.com/BNiche B

    I can see both Mark’s and Liza’s points (and maybe this is cloudy thinking being at 3:30 in the morning)… but being in the same boat as you, Mark, I can only wish I knew how we got to where we are now as a public educator earlier in the game than now (2 years into it).

    Maybe someone can expound on this point better than I can, but without knowing the history of where we got where we are in public education, it makes it that much harder for young teachers to appreciate what educators and parents have fought for/against the last few decades.

    I look at organizations like Educators 4 Excellence that was started by TfA teachers and built a heavy recruit and support crop from TfA teachers (and outside funding) and I just think, “do these young teachers have ANY idea what they are saying and fighting for/against?” From educating myself and learning the history, I do think you can make a point that E4E prowls on young teachers who have no idea why we have tenure, why merit pay doesn’t work, and why we need a strong union among other things. Without knowing why it is important to have tenure, to have seniority rights, to not base teacher ranking off of arbitrary tests, etc., you can be duped by the next reform fad and to me, that’s just perpetuating ignorance through the organization and its supporters.

    If I had my way, being a Teaching Fellow, I would make Diane Ravitch’s “The Death and Life of the Great American School System” required reading before starting summer training. Just having a better grasp of what the heck I was throwing myself into (with NCLB, the reforms, etc) would have prepared me better as a Fellow going into the system head-first.

    Yes, it’s important for educators to continue to educate and challenge their thinking throughout their careers on their own, but with little to no knowledge to start off with (as a lowly Fellow or TfA), can I say I know what the heck I’m doing and why I’m doing it?

  • Liza

    Thanks for the comment Mark.

    I actually wasn’t trying to argue that knowing this history makes one a “more effective” teacher per se. I do think there is something important about having teachers who have studied the history of education and educations reform that is important to the future of education in this city. Perhaps a doctor who only knows the current most officially approved method for treating a certain disease may do so as well as the next. But it is the doctor who knows the history of the treatment of that disease, and who knows the politics and economics involved in what medicines are currently being pushed for it, etc, who is the doctor I would want treating me. And not only that, certainly if doctors are to have a say in where the research on the future of treatment of that disease goes, I would want them all to know the history.

    Analogies can only take us so far, but an informed, knowledgeable workforce is a workforce that is activated to make decisions about the future of their field. If we want a pliable teaching staff that administrators and the DOE can bend to their will and who will never put up any resistance to reforms, even when they are terribly bad ones, then we don’t have to worry about having our teachers educated in history. But I think the voices of teachers should be in the mix (much more so then they have been) when major decisions are made about the future of education. In fact, some argue that the creation of the “revolving door teaching force” may be an intentional choice by the Bloomberg administration to create a body of teachers who are less invested in the teaching profession and are, on average, less informed about their rights and about how the issues we currently face in this city came to be. Based on conversations I have had, newer teachers are much less likely to support basic teacher rights like tenure and due process. They are less likely to understand that the ATR pool is not made up of a bunch of “bad teachers” but teachers whose schools closed and who cannot get hired precisely because they are highly paid and teaching fellows are very cheap. They are more likely to support charters and it has not even occurred to many that charters are a privatizing force that is undermining the ability for teachers to have a say in their schools. But these teachers are also very often open to listening and learning, and want to hear the history so they can have more informed perspectives. I for one want the individuals that I call my colleagues across the city to know what’s going on out there and to understand its history.

    Now I suppose my somewhat dramatic mention of “impressionable minds” in the first paragraph is a reference to how this impacts the classroom. I was thinking specifically about a few things: progressive pedagogy versus “traditional” instruction which has a vivid history that I studied at length in college; the “teaching to the test” phenomenon that is so disturbingly common and that newer teachers are particularly vulnerable to; and the whole history and body of work dedicated to anti-racist pedagogy that might not be reflected in “effectiveness” measures but that I think all teachers in New York City should be using to inform their practice. I’m sure we could come up with more.

    As is usual I am writing too much so I will end there. Thanks again for your comment!

  • Liza

    Hey B! I responded to Mark’s comment this morning before even seeing that yours was there- I didn’t reload the page from last night. Seems like we echo each other pretty nicely, and I love your idea of making “The Death and Life…” required reading. Your points about E4E are really important. Come to our speaker series this summer? :)

  • Karen Sherwood

    I appreciate your comments, but I also wanted to clarify a point about “teachers who have studied the history of education and education reforms..” I have been teaching English since 1973, but since my two Master’s degrees are in English Literature and Journalism, I have never formally studied educational history; however I have lived through much of it. Anything I do know, I have gleaned from former colleagues, and from my own independent reading: several books by Diane Ravitch, and also an excellent book called The Big Test which tells about the impact (positive and negative) that the SAT exam had on American education. However, even without formal study of educational history, senior teachers have a treasure trove of experiences and perspectives to share with our newer colleagues. Thank you for recognizing that.

  • http://bubbler.wordpress.com/ Mark

    Thanks for your thoughtful response! I think your analogy to medicine bears some further examination, in that we would want our doctors well versed not necessarily in the history of all medicine and the rise of professional medicine as a professional industry, but specifically on that history which pertains to the information critical to their understanding of a diagnosis. This is not a criticism of your analogy–I noticed that in your final comment, you tied in the concept of the history of pedagogy, and how that relates to political/class struggles. I think this may be an interesting topic to explore–I know I would be interested in learning more about this! I’m currently reading “The Pedagogy of the Oppressed,” and was thinking of how his theoretical ideas connect in a practical way with effective pedagogy for English language learners (SIOP, CALLA, etc).
    In my comment, I wasn’t disagreeing with you that knowledge of educational history is important–I think it is. But I was taking issue with the idea that knowledge of this history makes us better teachers. If you could present more information about pedagogical history, however, and how that relates to not only teacher effectiveness, but civil rights issues like inclusion–I may begin to see your point more clearly. Another post, perhaps? :)

  • Math Teacher

    The schools also are sometimes encouraged to hire fellows over teachers like me who took the long way through college and have been fighting to get into to the system for three years but cannot do to a hiring freeze, while fellows some how get hired anyway.

  • http://twitter.com/BNiche B

    Sure, pass me some more information and I’ll definitely look into the speaker series this summer. My link gives you a quick post and I’m actually one of the teachers who signed the open-letter petition a few weeks ago so my e-mail address is there. Looking forward to it!

  • John G

    Wow, awesome post. Thanks for it. The comments sort of meander through several topics, so I’m just going to quote this part of the post…

    “… More teachers are walking into classrooms with very little knowledge of the history of struggles within the New York City public school system and with little understanding of the importance of having a strong union to protect students and educators…”

    … and suggest two books (I’ve found through the readers of this site) that helped me in understanding the importance of the Union throughout the decades.

    ‘Tough Liberal’ is is Richard D. Kahlenberg’s biography of Albert Shanker
    ‘The Strike that Changed New York’ by Jerald e. Podair

    Actually, my guess is that you’ve read them, but I thought I’d just throw out the titles on this post for others to see.

  • http://twitter.com/BNiche B

    I haven’t, but I’ll definitely add those two books to my list, thank you!

  • Anonymous

    Awesome! Actually when I was writing this piece a friend (the one whose blog i linked to when i wrote “more experience colleagues”) suggested including a book list. I didn’t think it made sense to include within the piece but I’m excited to have one- and probably will even be selling some books- for the summer speaker series. I will definitely include these two. Thanks!

  • http://gothamschools.org/author/liza-campbell/ Liza Campbell

    B, for some reason I can’t reply to your post below. Perhaps there are too many layers of reply? Anyway, thanks for signing the open-letter and I’ll be sure to keep the GS community up to date on the speaker series. Happy two more days of break!

Tips, questions, feedback?

Contact us at .

Follow GothamSchools

RSS

Chalk It Up

Recent Comments

17 comments so far today

Our Twitter Updates

Archives

May 2012
M T W T F S S
« Apr  
 123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
28293031