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Growing Pains

The Social Studies Experiment

Collin Lawrence is a former New York City teacher who is recounting his four years working at a Brooklyn high school. Read Collin’s previous posts.

Early on, I lacked the experience to demand attention from my students. I taught decent lessons about the Renaissance and Reformation, but the majority of my students joked around, played on their cell phones or iPods, and freely walked in and out of the classroom. I quickly fell into the mentality of “I’ll just teach the ones that want to learn.” Still, I believed that students would take my classes more seriously if only they faced disciplinary consequence for not doing so.

So I reached out. My principal, an imposing and charismatic man, had offered to “push-in” to my classes and I took him up on the offer. I hoped his presence would help me re-establish a stern tone, particularly at the beginning of classes. However, he bristled at the idea of playing the disciplinarian and instead proposed a radical change of course.

“Don’t worry about the Regents exam,” he told me in his office one day after school. Students were disengaged, he suggested, because I was too focused on delivering content that was not relevant to them. Why not let the students pick their own content, he asked, and focus instead on teaching skills? I was willing to try anything by this point, and so we discussed a plan together.

Each student would identify a research question of personal interest. This question would serve as a basis for a long-term research project. In the mind of my principal, the original question would lead to additional questions, leading the students down several paths of intellectual discovery. Excited about the possibilities, he even ordered over $300 worth of resources for my classroom (including books by Howard Zinn to Noam Chomsky) and arranged for me to have computers each day.

For my part, I played the concrete thinker to his abstractions. I set about creating guidelines and deadlines, daily and weekly learning logs, and templates for research notes and bibliographical information. The final product would be a 10-page research paper, in addition to the creation of a museum-style exhibit that presented their findings in an artistic or interactive way.

My principal actively helped me promote the project to the students on day one. “Do you enjoy learning in this class?” he asked my students. “Be honest,” he added.  “No,” was the consensus reply. He then turned to me and asked, “Have you enjoyed teaching them?” “Not really,” I answered honestly. He told the students that they should learn because they want to, not because they have to, and therefore should think about what really interested them. Though we encouraged students to pick questions of historical import, we allowed each student wide latitude in finding a question that spoke to him or her. We ended up with questions ranging from “How was the Holocaust allowed to happen?” to “Who killed Biggie and Tupac?” At the very least, I thought, my students would have to forfeit the excuse of boredom.

And so a three-month-long experiment was launched. The results were decidedly mixed. Once the ball was rolling, my classes more or less consisted of students coming in, getting a laptop, and searching the internet (our school had no library). Of course, many of the students didn’t actually do any research, but instead played video games or downloaded music. I did my best to monitor progress, but it was difficult to keep tabs when everyone was working on a different topic. If I called out a student for being unproductive, I often was given the excuse “I work better at home.” Because the final project was so far in the future and so large in scope, students felt no sense of urgency on a day-to-day basis. I was able to mitigate this slightly by imposing mini-deadlines, but many students ignored them.

As the final deadline approached, many students finally got serious. The final day of the term was a hilarious flurry of productivity as I stressed the students out by intermittently announcing the time remaining before the end of class. A few students turned in truly remarkable work, and felt rightfully proud of their accomplishments.But a full 30 percent of the tenth grade turned in absolutely nothing, leaving me no choice but to fail them for the term.

I was left with an overall feeling of failure. The downside of this student-centered experiment, I felt, was that there was no way for me to hold students accountable for making productive use of class time. I gave three months over to allowing students to explore topics of their own interests, and some of them took the liberty to avoid doing any work at all. For the second semester, I vowed that I would impose new structures that would help students stay focused and on task.

  • Dee Alpert

    Did you ever follow up to see if any of the students you had failed – because they turned in nothing – were later allowed to get credit for the course via some credit recovery process?

    What I hear from friends who have recently retired from NYCDOE high schools is that a significant proportion of their students do no work at all and are very frank about the fact that they know that doing no work, failing tests, etc., makes no difference at all because they’ll be allowed to do bogus credit recovery work to “earn” passing grades afterwards.

    If I had only heard this from one or two recently retired teachers, I’d pay it little heed. But I’ve heard similar accounts from quite a few.

  • insider knowledge

    I am very excited to see what you did in your 2nd semester as I had to sit through project based indoc all day today. I did a project on a smaller scale 2 weeks ago and I’m still playing catch up for the overall lack of work they put into it. I perish at the thought that this will be the mandated teaching style. We were told today that its the skills not the content that is important. Basically it means no social studies curriculum at all. So long as the student learns about perspective, evidence, argument ect.. thats what I should be teaching.

  • Ms. V.

    I think it would have been wise to start with a 3-5 day independent research project. My experience has been that students who are poorly prepared for school have trouble even conceptualizing of the research process. Like anything else, the art of framing a question, researching it, and presenting your learning has to be *taught.* Three months is much too long for a first go at something like this. Start small, build stamina. It can be done – but in cycles of trying out the process, reflecting on it, and then trying it again. Alternating, perhaps, with more traditional lessons/units.

  • Susan

    There’s a very good chance that the students who turned in no work, and who wander in and out of class and in general seem to be disengaged actually can’t read.  Four out of ten students in the US have trouble learning to read.  If they are not helped early on, which most of them are not, they are certainly not reading in high school either.  Ask your school’s intervention team to give these students a screening such as the Grey Oral Reading Test, then take it from there.  There are plenty of effective interventions, and these students are entitled to receive them.  Indeed, under Section 504 of IDEA,  it is the school’s job to find out why they are not learning, not blame them for it.

    Susan Crawford, Director
    The Right to Read Project

  • parent who hates projects

    Maybe the kids didn’t turn the projects in because they hate projects. As a parent of three honors level children who routinely are assigned large projects, I can tell you that it generates only hatred for school, the project and no real learning takes place from it. My kids start complaining that they are no good at art, that a student who doesn’t write well but whose project look fantastic gets a better grade than them because the teachers grade mostly on appearance and they have all lost points for not being creative enough in design. When you look at the rubrics, appearance and creativity are at the top of the list for grades, not information, not writing skill. By the time they are done with whatever has been assigned you can rest assured they have learned nothing but hatred for the topic. Yet, they will all ace the tests that cover the material. Creative exhibits and projects should be reserved for those who take art classes, it turns off every other student. Three months to find out who killed Biggie and Tupac. No wonder kids are failing the state tests. Doubt there were too many questions on that.

  • Smith

    Dee, add to your stories of easy credit recovery the stories I’ve heard about principals who pressure teachers to pass at least 80% of their students no matter what the students do, and you have a huge scandal that no news outlet, including Gotham Schools, seems willing to investigate. Yet these same news outlets will refer to increased graduation rates under Klein with no qualifications or context.

    What do you think we have to do to get someone to pay attention to this story?

  • Dee Alpert

    Smith – It’s not enough to say someone has “heard about” principals who pressure teachers … . You need to get letters or statements from these teachers. One can tell them that these will be only given to journalists who commit to maintaining confidentiality of sources or to govt. investigators/auditors who do maintain confidentiality. Collect some of these and then you’ve got something to show reporters (and/or auditors/investigators).

    One might also ask the UFT outright what is its response to this kind of situation – what it has done, if it has done anything, to deal with it with some specifics (schools named without naming teachers who complained), etc., etc.

    Dee

  • Ms. V.

    Parent who hates…

    I’m confused that you insist that “no real learning takes place” while also stating that the kids “ace a test on the material.” Not sure how both can be true?

    It sounds like the rubrics used have been focused in the wrong ways. I think it’s possible to design manageable projects with rubrics that emphasize the content in addition to presentation and creativity. 

    I am also a big believer in large projects being mostly done in school. It has never seemed helpful to shift the burden to the home and parents, especially with some students’ parents much more able to help than others. 

    My students gave presentations today that both showed high-level understanding and strong public speaking and organization skills. I didn’t get the sense that any of them hated it (they were super focused and eager during the classes leading up to this), and I think their ownership of the knowledge is much higher than when we’ve studied similar material in “traditional” ways.

    The rubric has four lines – one about organization of ideas, one about communication skills, one about content that will carry more weight than the others during the grading process, and one about quality of support materials (slideshows/posters/etc.-students got to choose what to use). In addition, I am assessing their participation in the research process and their teamwork throughout. 

  • Smith

    Dee, I’ve offered to put journalists in touch with teachers who will speak about this. This is very low-hanging fruit for an interested reporter.

    I’ve reported grade-changing to SCI. It’s very hard to get principals in these situations.

    I haven’t figured out why the union doesn’t do anything, but I’ve made suggestions that they’ve ignored.

  • Dee Alpert

    Smith – SCI is useless for this kind of issue. I know people who worked there and … fuggedaboudit! Its first Commissioner, Ed Stancik, was a towering presence in the investigatory field. When he passed away, the NYC education establishment complained about his bringing shame on them for allegedly over-emphasizing adult sexual molestation of students and demanded a much tamer tiger as a replacement. They got what they asked for. Not that there aren’t some very fine people there – folks who have smarts and integrity. But remember – the SCI’s budget actually comes out of the NYCDOE’s budget and … he who controls the checkbook has it all.

    However, there are some ways to do what it might take to get journalists to look into the situation. Get to me at sappell@nyc.rr.com and I’ll fill you in.

  • Fort Tryon Teacher

    I imagine that inquiry-based projects can be extremely rewarding. But I confess that I’ve done very few of them during five years of teaching–because they’re REALLY REALLY HARD to do well. Assuming a typical student load, you’ve got at least 100 different students potentially researching 100 different things. They all need to find sources for their research, so you either need to provide all the sources for them or you need to teach them how to find reliable sources and then follow up to make sure they’re doing that right. You need to make sure they’re drawing the information that’s germane from those sources. Then you need to teach them how to write an essay or (if you’re even more ambitious) how to produce a creative project of their choosing, while insuring that their work is accurate, comprehensible, and thoughtful. And you might have to do all this, as I’ve mentioned, for 100 or more different topics! Ms. V., it sounds like you’ve done some outstanding work with your students. I can’t imagine that I could do this sort of work with my middle school students until close to the end of the year, after teaching them all the necessary skills (i.e. finding sources, drawing information from sources, writing an essay, etc.) in earlier units. Even then, it would be really hard and would only be possible because I’m not preparing them for a high-stakes test in June.

    I know inquiry-based projects can be done right, but you’ve really got to know your content, know how to teach research, and know how to manage a class full of students who are expected to be learning independently. I definitely don’t think it’s a good solution for first-year teachers who are struggling to motivate their students. Instead, I’d hunt through the content you have to teach (and you HAVE TO teach certain things because the kids HAVE TO pass the Regents) and draw out anything that will actually engage students: compelling personalities, interpersonal conflicts, racial tensions (if your students can discuss it maturely). Then prep lessons, tests, and projects based around that sort of material. That’s what’s been working for me lately…but then again, it took me five years to figure that much out and I still haven’t got it quite right.

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