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A Really Bad Argument for Charter Schools

Charles Murray is a very confused guy.  His op-ed piece in today’s New York Times uses the dreary impact of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program on student achievement to justify policies expanding school choice.  Let’s get over the fact that school choice plans don’t show big impacts on students’ performance on standardized tests, he argues.  After all, we’ve known for a long time that it’s hard for schools to overcome the family advantages of cognitive ability and motivation.  Rather, he proposes, we should support school choice because it can allow a small number of parents to choose a curriculum that’s better than that offered to students in traditional public schools.

Setting aside some of the most remarkable inconsistencies—Charles Murray, 2010 edition, doesn’t think that test scores are meaningful measures of academic performance?  Has he met Charles Murray, 1994 edition, who was quite comfortable in The Bell Curve reducing the whole of human intelligence to a single score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test?—Murray fundamentally misunderstands the historic logic of the charter schooling movement—an exchange of autonomy for accountability.  We can argue over the scope of that autonomy and accountability, but even those who have disagreed on this site about whether charter schools are properly labeled as public or private schools generally agree that it’s appropriate to hold them accountable for their students’ performance on assessments measuring standards that are the de facto public curriculum of the state in which they are located.  Certainly, the charter movement gains energy from studies showing that students in charter schools may outperform their counterparts in traditional public schools on state assessments.  Charter schools may strive to expose students to a curriculum that’s more ambitious, but the standards of the state cannot be ignored.

It’s puzzling, then, that Murray uses the recently-released results of the Milwaukee Program, which is a program providing vouchers to low-income students to attend private secular and religious schools, to motivate an argument for school choice, and especially the expansion of charter schools.  The particular example he cites is a proposed K-8 charter school in Frederick County, MD, where he resides. 

Frederick County, MD is an odd place to make a stand for charter schools.  As of the 2000 Census, 80% of the residents were non-Hispanic whites, and only 4% were foreign-born.  Only 5% of the residents were living in poverty, well below the Maryland state average, and the median household income was more than 10% above the state average.  The 2009 Maryland report card records a 94% high school graduation rate for Frederick County students.

But the real oddity is Murray’s claim that the state should underwrite the costs of a customized curriculum not available in the “ordinary” public schools.  If a rigorous curriculum is what can best prepare our children for the future, why not offer it to all students?  Allowing savvy parents such as Charles Murray to opt into specialized schools subsidized by the state, while consigning most students to a less-challenging curriculum, only perpetuates a system of unequal educational opportunity.  Even Murray might acknowledge that it’s bad public policy for the state to exacerbate inequality of educational opportunity.

  • JB

    I haven’t read the article, but if it is as you say, what a strange argument indeed. I think you may have missed just one more critical point worth mentioning:
    Charles Murray (and it would seem much of Frederick County) already has school choice. Middle and upper-middle class families in the US have far more options about where they live, are more likely to view the cost of moving as negligible, and have the luxury of knowing that basic needs are sure to be covered wherever they go so more complex benefits of homes (like schools) can have considerable influence on their decisions. In fact, public goods are most like a private market of choice when they are delivered locally and in suburban areas where there are many choices (such as many different neighborhood school zones). If he wants a more challenging curriculum, he’s likely able to find a similar house in a district not far from his current home where he has to make some small tradeoffs in exchange for the stronger curriculum. Let them choose is the right idea, but don’t forget that the middle and upper class can choose with their feet.

  • asdfi

    Setting aside my personal feelings about Murry’s other work, I wish you had actually engage the substance of his argument here: parents have the right to choose the education that is best for their kids, and this is an inherent good.

    You are correct that this isn’t the argument most charter supporters make. It is different, and deserves to be evaluated differently.

  • Stuart Buck

    “ If a rigorous curriculum is what can best prepare our children for the future, why not offer it to all students?  ”

    Why indeed.  It would be a great idea, except that it would run into roadblocks from the same political forces that end up dumbing down textbooks (as Diane Ravitch has documented in previous work), dumbing down standards and assessments, etc. 

  • http://gothamschools.org/author/arthur-goldstein/ Arthur Goldstein

    Thanks for this thoughtful response to one of the most preposterous columns I’ve ever laid eyes on.

  • Stuart Buck

    “Frederick County, MD is an odd place to make a stand for charter schools.  As of the 2000 Census, 80% of the residents were non-Hispanic whites, and only 4% were foreign-born.  Only 5% of the residents were living in poverty, well below the Maryland state average, and the median household income was more than 10% above the state average.  The 2009 Maryland report card records a 94% high school graduation rate for Frederick County students.”

    The word “odd” is a non sequitur given the demographic information that follows.  Are charter schools inherently limited only to black people, for example?  

  • CarolineSF

    I thought the Murray column was just more of the usual — charter advocates blast public schools over their test scores, and then when the charter schools don’t produce better test scores, they’re suddenly all “test scores are meaningless — who cares about test scores?” But your view adds a new dimension.

  • JB

    No, but arguing for charters (even with his somewhat crazy argument) on the basis of offering choice is inherently ridiculous when you’re looking at a community that clearly has choice.

    In Frederick County, the parents choose with their feet.

  • Stuart Buck

    Murray’s skepticism about standardized test scores may contradict someone else’s praise of test scores, but that doesn’t equal hypocrisy — charges of hypocrisy make sense only regarding specific individuals.  

  • Stuart Buck

    Murray’s main point here (I’m not talking about any of his other writings) is that it’s good for people (especially poorer people) to have the option of choosing a “traditional curriculum long on history, science, foreign languages, classic literature, mathematics and English composition, taught with structure and discipline,” even if that doesn’t show up in higher test scores.  
    People are throwing out lots of adjectives — confused, preposterous, crazy.  Interesting to see so many people who seem to think that as long as unstoppable political forces are dumbing down the curriculum, it’s not fair to let anyone have an escape hatch to go study academic subjects with any rigor.   

  • http://www.sinksalive.blogspot.com KitchenSink

    Standardized test scores aren’t an either/or (like Murray seems to think they are), or the final arbiter of student or school achievement.

    They are a hugely important starting point, one piece of a large assessment puzzle. Discount them at the system’s peril, and overemphasize them to all of our doom.

  • Michael M.

    Or, KS, measure their trajectory (aka “progress”) heading into an election year. ; – )

  • http://MoreThoughtful.blogspot.com ceolaf wolfhelm

    Mr. Buck,

    It’s a matter of intellectual consistency. There is a set of arguments upon which the policy of charter school is primarily based, and it has not included this sort of “the government set up MORE choices for everyone” argument.

    Yes, there are many who believe that choice is good, in and of itself. One of the arguments in favor of charter schools is that middle- and upper-class families can afford to choose where to send their kids to school, either with private schooling or by moving to another district, whereas working- and lower-class families cannot.. The statistics that Prof. Pallas cites suggest that this is not a problem in Frederick County. Long existing avenue for choice — avenues whose existence is used by many to justify charters — are available to this population.

    Another major argument in favor of charter schools is that there are certain populations that our public schools serve rather poorly, both historically and currently. This include minority and low SES families. But Prof. Pallas points out that Frederick County has a low poverty rate, a high average income and a relatively small minority population. This is not full of underserved populations.

    Clearly there are those who believe that charter schools are good — if not by definition better than traditioanl public school — across the board. I think that you might be one of them. There are others who are in all circumstances opposed to them. But most people — including most policy-makers — are a bit less dogmatic about it. They don’t have strong opinions here and are differently swayed by different arguments. They look at historically underservered population who lack the options of which others have long taken advantage and turn to charter schools as a response.

    Think about what John Roberts said of arguing in front of the Supreme Court. He would craft his entire presentation to the swing voter(s) he needed to win his case, virtually ignoring those he already had and those he knew he could never get. Mr. Murray’s argument might work for you — in the absense of the context of his other writings, of course — but it does not work for those who are not yet on his side and might be convincable. (Of course, it won’t work with the hard core opponents to charter schools, but likely nothing would.)

    As for his and your preference that some families be able to opt out of traditional public schools to build a more rigorous curriculum elsewhere: I think this misses part of the public aspect of public schools. That is, they should be (at least partially) devoted to the public good, as joint project of the community. They depend on pressure from the public for various forms of accountbaility (moral, political, etc.). When those who might be able to pressure them to be better (e.g. with a more rigorous curriculum) can go elsewhere, they walk away from their obligations to their fellows in their own communities. I understand that that many people do not see that as a problem, but it strikes me as a betrayal of one of the most fundamental building blocks of American values, one upon which liberal AND conservatives have long agreed.

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