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Ravitch Reveals All

I was lucky enough to get an advance copy of Diane Ravitch’s new book, “The Death and Life of the Great American School System.” It is, frankly, a revelation, and anyone interested in education, particularly New York City education, needs to read it right now.

For anyone who’s wondered where on earth Joel Klein dreamed up his “reforms,” look no further. A substantial source of inspiration appears to be a three-stage process — a New York City experiment that gave a false impression of success, a San Diego experiment that eluded success altogether, and a stubborn determination to replicate both in overdrive.

As both Bloomberg and Klein were business experts using business models, they used a “corporate model of tightly centralized, hierarchal, top-down control, with all decisions made at Tweed and strict supervision of every classroom to make sure the orders flowing from headquarters were precisely implemented,” Ravitch writes. It appears they didn’t squander their valuable time on troublesome input from teachers, parents, or any contradictory voices whatsoever. In fact, Ravitch points out that though the mayor had promised increased parental involvement, it was actually reduced. Parent coordinators were hired, but in fact, they actually “worked for the principal, not for parents.”

Ravitch calls New York City the “testing ground for market-based reforms.” She states Mayor Bloomberg wanted “full control of the schools, with no meddlesome board to second guess him.” The San Diego experiment of utterly disregarding teacher and parent input resulted in a community-selected Board of Education that eventually rejected the program altogether — but Mayor Bloomberg made sure his new board would be patently incapable of disagreeing about anything whatsoever. And indeed, Mayor Bloomberg has fired members of his board rather than allowing them to vote their consciences. Ravitch touts the NYC Public School Parents blog. But Mayor Bloomberg not only disregards their opinions, but sees fit to dictate which topics on which they’re permitted to have opinions at all.

Tweed’s philosophy may well be this — if NYC parents knew anything worth knowing, they’d be as rich as Mayor Bloomberg and his pals. Ravitch points out that the way things are going, the education of our children will be entirely dictated by billionaires — Eli Broad, Bill Gates, and the Wal-Mart heirs, the Walton family, to name the most prominent. She says the Walton family clearly wishes to “create, sustain, and promote alternatives to public education.” They encourage privatization and invest heavily in non-union charter schools. Ravitch concludes the Walton family is committed to “an unfettered market, which by its nature has no loyalties and disregards Main Street, traditional values, long-established communities, and neighborhood schools.” To those of us in New York, that has a very familiar ring.

Ravitch, with meticulous research, demonstrates how virtually every achievement of the so-called “reformers” entails selecting high-performing kids and extracting high-performance from them. This is hardly remarkable, and worse, hardly covered by the ever-incurious American press. Are charter schools miraculous? Are small schools a magic bullet? Are public schools as abysmal as they’re routinely made out to be in the New York Post?

Well, if you look at the coming films glorifying Geoffrey Canada, Michelle Rhee, and the founders of KIPP, you will certainly get the impression, as did Roger Ebert, that teacher unions are largely responsible for all the world’s ills. Ebert says he knows little about math, a mindset which might explain why he bothered to question nothing whatsoever in this so-called documentary (“Tenured teachers have a job for life”). It’s my fond but dim hope that Ravitch’s publisher sends Ebert a copy of her book, and that he actually takes the time to read it.

Ravitch states, “Once Tweed embraced charter schools, they received priority treatment. The Chancellor placed many charter schools into regular public school buildings, taking classrooms and facilities away from the host schools and igniting bitter fights with the regular schools’ parent associations.” Given the disparate treatment of neighborhood and charter schools, it’s hardly surprising some of them do well. The only surprise is how many do not. Ravitch provides chapter and verse.

I’ve no doubt, for example, that Geoffrey Canada’s kids do well, but I’ve also no doubt, with his annual budget, the city’s willingness to create space for his kids while ignoring ours, his activist approach to early childhood, and his ability to dismiss entire grades if they don’t meet expectations, many public schools could produce similar, if not better results. Of course, Chancellor Klein does not provide troubled schools with additional resources. He just closes them, and if the data on which he bases his statistics are utterly false, well, that’s just too bad. After all, why bother to re-examine anything? Under mayoral control, he and Mayor Bloomberg are always right.

Teachers of literature will be touched by the story of Mrs. Ratliff, who inspired Ravitch to love literature, to write with precision and clarity, and to respect the rules of written English. Doubtless today Mrs. Ratliff would be in the rubber room for insubordination. She’d be patently unable to wade through the rubrics of jargon and standards-based nonsense with which we train our children to pencil in circles nowadays.

Ravitch demonstrates how obsessed we’ve become with test prep, often to the exclusion of all else. This hits home with me, at least. I often teach ESL kids how to pass the English Regents, as most of my colleagues are too smart to volunteer for such a thankless task. I drill the kids to death, largely neglecting the grammar and usage they so sorely need, preferring to make sure they minimally answer questions so they can pass. After all, if they don’t pass, they don’t graduate.

As I read Ravitch’s descriptions of the test-prep factories we’ve allowed our schools to become, I realize that I’ve become yet another facet of the problem. She describes a phenomenon I’d been part of, with no notion it was so widespread. Kids learn from me how to pass one single test. They don’t learn how to write, and they don’t learn to love reading either (in that class, at least). Like many teachers, I haven’t got time for such frivolities when my kids need to pass that test. And since they really do need to pass that test, I’d do it again. In her conclusion, Ravitch makes numerous worthy suggestions about how we can address this issue.

Ravitch bemoans the preposterous demands of NCLB, which has asked that we make every child proficient by 2014. She points out how states can simply lower the bar year by year, and give the appearance of progress. That’s the essence of “reform,” as far as I can tell.

My only quibble would be Ravitch’s description of Green Dot as a union school. While Green Dot teachers are ostensibly unionized, they enjoy neither tenure nor seniority rights. Without tenure, like many of my colleagues, I’d have been fired years ago for reasons having nothing to do with my ability to teach (or lack thereof). Green Dot has a “just cause” clause to protect its teachers, but with neither tenure nor seniority rights, it appears to me that Green Dot teachers can be fired “just cause” their bosses feel like it.

Most of my views on education come from experience. I haven’t got any gift for analyzing data or reading endless reports. I’m always impressed by people like Ravitch, who can plow through papers and reports I’d read only if forced, and not only make sense of them, but also take the time to explain them to people like me, with extensive documentation for those who wish to double-check. She must be a great teacher, and from me, that’s high praise indeed.

Working teachers have come to many conclusions similar to Ravitch’s, drawn from just instinct and experience. It’s gratifying to see how many of our conclusions match those of Ravitch, and how strongly they’re borne out by hard data. And here they are, for all the world to see, in one convenient place.

I’ve only scratched the surface here. If you’re motivated enough to bother reading GothamSchools, you really owe it to yourself to read this book.

  • http://edintheapple peter

    Ms Oh:

    Part of the responsibility of a representative of the union, for whom I haven’t worked for over a decade, is to defend and advise members.

    While the Supreme Court has supported teacher rights to free speech outside of the classroom (see Pickering, Givhan and Puentes in NYS Court of Appeals) these rights are not unfettered, the Court warns that “deliberate or reckless falsehoods serve no First Amerndment ends and deserve no protection,” and “knowingly false statements made with reckless disregard of the truth, do not enjoy constitutional proctection.”

    Norm is no longer a DOE employee, Arthur is …

  • Paul Rubin

    I think commenting by teachers (or DOE Central staff for that matter) during the school day, particularly when using school computers or the school’s network, is a questionable practice. Though I assure you that if the comments were pro-DOE policy, no action would be taken. It’s sad but that is the reality. However making assumptions isn’t fair. Teachers have an unassigned lunch period and blog posts during that time should not be an issue. In fact teachers are encouraged to use the internet and scouring blogs for good ideas is part of that practice. Additionally, with the cost of cellular modems down to reasonable levels and soon nearly inconsequential with the release of the iPad and it’s low cost 3G (such as it is on ATT in NYC) coverage and the simple fact that teachers often have their own laptops and nearly anyone can post from today’s messaging and Smart phones, it’s a practice that really cannot be properly and fairly monitored for good or evil.

    My own personal policy is not to make anti-DOE remarks on school time and to minimize personal internet use during my non-lunch periods. And I do have both a cellular modem and a Smart phone ( a marvelous Motorola Droid Android based phone I might add) but I still tend to monitor what I do when I do it. I’m sure I’m broken that rule from time to time somewhere online but I believe I’m far more careful about it than anyone has a right to expect me to be.

    A blog’s owner can manipulate the timing of comments too with the right know-how.

    The more important issue is why do current DOE practices so enrage the professional staff in the trenches. Is it just that we’re all good for nothing lazy expletives who care nothing for the well being of the children in our charge OR could it be that we see first hand the positives and negatives and realize that the trade-offs are just not worth it for these children and that there are better ways to reform the system.

  • http://ednotesonline.blogspot.com/ Norm

    Of course it would be a mistake for any DOE employee to comment or post during school hours. What is interesting are the pro Ed Deformer comments of people who claim to be managing schools or working in them during school hours. One persistent commenter named Socrates who has reappeared in different guises at one time claimed to be a pro-Klein NYC teacher but was posting constantly during the school day – from many different locations.

    We have also seen people visiting and commenting from various UFT offices during the day.

    As to Peter’s response to Seung Ok: note how Seung’s charges against a UFT dist rep and Unity Chapter leader are ignored. It has been a long time practice of Unity to work with administrators to get rid of internal critical voices. My AP was once paid a visit by the UFT district rep and the Superintendent asking why he couldn’t figure out a way to U rate me. And that was in the early 70′s. My AP refused and always claimed he never became a principal because of that and he was right.

  • JW

    The DoE’s Internet Usage Policy specifically prohibits people from using Board equipment (whether at a board location or by remote to a board location) for “other than educational purposes.”

    I think EVERYTHING Arthur writes is “educational,” so he’s in the clear.

    But, seriously, it’s the honchos at the DoE I’m worried about — execs, administrators and public relations people with full access to Board equipment. These are the ones selling out the system to private entitities and playing chess games with student populations.

    Read the Klein/Moskowitz emails, which certainly look like DoE email. They’re signed “Klein Joel I.” – which is the way the DoE’s internal Outlook program configures his name. Those emails fit right into the abuse category listed on the DoE’s own policy, see for yourself:

    • Sending or receiving personal messages
    • Using the Internet for commercial purposes advertising or similar objectives

    not to mention that many of these email that the Daily News FOILed were written during school hours.

  • CarolineSF

    Even teachers have their own laptops these days.

    My husband is a substitute teacher here in the San Francisco Unified School District, and he sometimes e-mails or texts me during recess or lunch, when he’s not on duty supervising children. Is it OK if he does that? If that’s OK, is it OK if he posts a comment on one of the discussion boards he frequents, when BTW are about bicycling, chess and banjo? If that’s OK, it is OK if he posts a comment in a political discussion? Who is who thinks he has the right to decide which form of communication is acceptable and which isn’t?

    My point is that it’s draconian and chilling for anyone to threaten to get a teacher disciplined over such activity. Those words are really too mild and kind, actually. It’s horrible. The individuals making those comments should be ashamed.

  • CarolineSF

    SOrry, this should say: Who thinks he has the right to decide which form of communication is acceptable and which isn’t?

  • JW

    Caroline – in NYC, it’s okay to use the DoE system for personal emails on your break.
    The exact wording is:
    “E-mail may not be used for personal purposes during working hours, except that users may engage in minimal e-mail activities for personal purposes, such as family correspondence, if the use does not diminish the employee’s productivity, work product, or ability to perform services for the DOE. “

  • Mike

    This entire issue of “improper” posting during company time is a red herring, and we should not allow the discussion of the central issue of school closings and privatizations to be sidetracked by scabs.

    One of the reasons the UFT membership has found itself prostrate before the Bloomberg/Klein assault is precisely its abidance with laws and regulations imposed to institutionalize an already unequal playing field for teachers viz our bosses. This ranges from said regulations barring teachers from expressing views at variance with the DoE’s during the school day, to the Taylor Law. All of these should be challenged at the right moment. The UFT leadership has wielded scare tactics with respect to this false legality for years in order to keep the membership in line. It fears a mobilized membership even more than it fears or opposes the bosses. After all, an empowered membership threatens their bureaucratic privileges, their cozy relationship with the political machinery and their revolving door into Tweed.

    The neoliberal agenda that Obama/Duncan/Paterson/Bloomberg/Klein are imposing in NYC schools — just one variant of what Naomi Klein calls “disaster capitalism”, which in this case means the disaster that successive waves of corporate shills (i.e., presidents, governors, mayors) have brought to public education — has NOTHING to do with “looking out for the children,” as one writer disingenuously stated. It has EVERYTHING to do with making public schools abide by another set of laws — the laws of the market. And, make no mistake about it, that is where the fragmentation of public school systems into independent charters leads. In a market economy, charters will be run as businesses, and eventually controlled by for-profit corporations, much as has happened in health care. And as a teacher and a parent, I can’t think of anything more destructive of children’s education than the profit motive. Both for children and teachers, ‘Obloomba-cation’ means the maquiladorization of schools, at least for most folks in our city (and country). Low-wage labor and cheap products.

  • http://www.gothamschools.org Philissa Cramer

    As the editor of the GothamSchools community section, I’d just like to weigh in and confirm what Arthur and Miss Eyre said: I schedule all posts by Arthur and everyone else who writes for the community section. The date and time that a post runs should not be taken to reflect the date and time when it was written.

  • Arjun Janah

    Very revealing discussion. Thanks. I had predicted, over fifteen years ago, many of the current developments, such as the assault on the urban public schools and the wooing of understandably upset minority parents by those who have always wanted to dispose of these schools. But no one was listening, least of all the union leaders.

    I had wanted teachers, collectively, to have a voice in educational policy, both in its formulation and in its implementation — providing the input and feedback needed to adjust both to the realities of the classroom and the social environment the students come from.

    There were desperately urgent matters having to do with the breakdown of classroom order — the peace and quiet needed for learning and teaching — and with curriculum issues — those of relevance, sequence, focus, correlation, pace and time — along with the special needs of immigrants and others. These matters needed attention. Who had more stake in this, other than students and parents, than the teachers — and who was more qualified? But none of this voicing took place, with some sort of consensus on the very basic minimal needs of teachers and students, in a public, well-formulated fashion.

    This was a failure on the part of the teaching community, many of whose members were working exceedingly hard at the individual level, but could not seem to find a collective voice on basic issues. And this was a failure, in particular, on the part of our union leadership, who were best positioned to do the needful.

    Unfortunately, it appeared that, both on the part of working teachers and even more so on the part of the union, there was fear that any public airing of the problems in the schools would be perceived as an admission of incompetence.

    I disagreed — the problems were real, and mostly not of our doing. An almost impossible situation had been created. The problems would not go away of themselves, nor could they be hidden. We did not have the working conditions needed to produce reasonable educational outcomes for too many of our students. I knew that, in time, teachers would be the scapegoats in this, as usual — and would have to cede whatever little control and autonomy we still retained in our own profession if we did not educate parents about the problems in the schools and recruit their assistance.

    Unfortunately, both the BOE and the union pathways were closed to input from the classrooms.

    The educational establishment — both the DOE and the union leadership, seemed to have accepted, or ceded in practice to, an unchallenged hypothesis — namely, that teacher incompetence lay behind poor educational outcomes. Having been in many different schools, including some of the best and worst, both as a regular and as a sub, and having seen the outcomes in one school change over thirteen years from well above average to well below, I knew that this hypothesis was highly questionable if not patently false.

    However, all the past attempts at “school reform” appeared to proceed from this assumption, that was never challenged openly by our union leaders. Indeed, it seems that they may have either believed it themselves, or not thought it expedient to mount a challenge.

    This left the field open for educational pundits of various stripes whose ideas, almost always centering on methodology, were periodically crammed down the throats of working teachers and their wards. As the unidirectional flow of information and directives in the schools left no room for course corrections based on actual impact in the classrooms, these “reforms” almost invariably added to problems in the schools, creating chaos.

    Teachers who attempted to challenge methodoloical diktats, or question or fix curricular issues, were advised by their more experienced peers not to rock the boat and draw unwelcome attention from administrators — but rather to “give the administrators what they want”, when observed, so they “would go away and let you do your job”. In the circumstances, this was not bad advice for individual survival. But it was a prescription for the termination of our profession.

    I had said that either we could take charge of our profession, or someone else would. If we were in charge, we might be able to do things right — to strike the appropriate balances, informed by our years of experience — both with teaching kids and with dealing with curricular snafus.

    Now, we see the expected swing towards testing and data — to the point of obsession, with teachers completely out of the loop. That false hypothesis remains unchallenged, and now cannot be just ignored as we go about business as usual — schools are being closed, the ATR’s have become a political liability, with the media having been used to prime the public for their firing, and all our jobs, and the public school system itself, is in jeopardy. Will the kids be better off? I sincerely doubt it. There is no substitute for experience, dedication and knowledge. And it takes years to build a teacher and a school.

    And the emphasis on methodology (often overgeneralized, inappropriate and even puerile in the extreme) has not gone away — it has only become more acute — to the point of insanity.

    Arjun Janah

  • JW

    Mike, of course everything you say is true, but to call this censorship discussion a “red herring” seems a little misplaced.

    We need to make use of every opportunity to expose the activities of people on the UFT payroll whenever they take positions that hurt the membership (like supporting charter schools) and DoE execs whenever they set themselves up above their own laws (not to mention all the other laws they are circumventing in this school closings and charter mess). Especially in a blog read by so many people.

  • Mike

    Perhaps JW should re-read the thread. Because that is EXACTLY how the issue of “inappropriate postings” was used. A red herring. Arthur posted an excellent piece on school privatization, and some sought to delegitimize Goldstein and sidetrack the discussion into whether or not he appropriately used DoE time to post! I stand by my characterization. Of course such censorship or UFT leadership abuses is subject to discussion. But, the intent, here, was clear.

  • JW

    Mike, I understand what you mean by a red herring, and re-reading the “thread” (of course I read it before) I can see why you believe computer use is a side issue. I was wrong to say that calling it a red herring was misplaced. I should have said that I was not sure how much of a red herring it was, not knowing some of the identities or motives of the people who posted.

    You feel that you do (“some sought to delegitimize Goldstein and sidetrack the discussion into whether or not he appropriately used DoE time to post! “) and would have preferred the discussion to stay where it had been going before. But, threads have no arbiters. People comment where they feel they need to, and I was happy to go down that particular road. One learns a lot from all kinds of issues and all kinds of threads.

    Again: sorry for my incorrect wording.

  • Schoolgal

    Really Peter. It’s amazing how you would use this post to try to hurt a fellow teacher who pays dues so you can keep your cushy job. There was also an incident not too long ago where a DR went to talk to a principal about a union rep he didn’t like. Is this the UFT we can expect? Were the givebacks only the beginning. If you thought there would be a problem, you could have directly emailed or phoned Mr. Goldstein. That would have been the professional thing to do.

  • http://edintheapple peter

    Schoolgal:

    What cushy job? Am I missing something? I haven’t worked for the union in a dozen years. In this climate, suggesting that inservice teachers be aware of the case law re teacher speech outside of the classroom, is, I hope sound advise.

  • Linda/Retired Teacher

    For those of you who really want to know who puts kids first, I’ll tell you how to find out: Go into the homes of the children to see who is caring for them day and night. Then go into the schools and find out who is in the classroom each day, every day, year after year. Yes, parents and teachers put children first.

  • JR

    Charter Schools a Threat?
    In 2011, New York City will open five new charter schools recently approved by The State University of New York’s Charter Institute. The increase of charter schools in the city is a threat to low performance public schools and their teachers.
    When New York City public schools fail to meet the standards in academic achievement measured on standardized test, the city board of education takes a strict approach. These public schools are closed and transformed into small schools, charter schools instead. All the staff is fired and new staff is hired.
    The charter schools in NYC, led by the Bloomberg administration, have been criticized. Diane Ravitch in her book “The Death and Life of the Great American School System” said that New York City has become a “testing ground for market-based reforms.” Major Bloomberg a successful businessman believes that charter schools are the way to go because he thinks that business principles can be applied to improve education. Ravitch, adds that the goal of Major Bloomberg was to have “full control of the schools, with no meddlesome board to second guess him.” In other words, the privatization of schools gives unquestionable power to the administration of what should be taught in schools and teachers employment.
    These charter schools are non-unionized, which means that teachers do not have the privilege to join a retirement plan, health services and, most important, job security. Of course, it will be cheaper for the city not to provide with necessary services. In addition, teachers will face constant pressure because administrators could fire them at any moment to protect economic interests.
    The problem in the public education, as Arthur Goldstein mention in his posting online, titled “Ravitch Reveals all,” is the focus on teaching students how to pass a test in order to graduate, “Kids learn from me about how to pass one single test” he says, and continues, “They do not learn how to write, and they don’t learn to love reading either.” Teachers in public schools figure out strategies to meet the requirements imposed by the board of education, sometimes work sometimes do not.
    The solution to improve education in low performance public schools, and stop the board of education to close them, is the accountability of the parents and more rigid behavior enforcement on students. The board of education blames the teachers and the school administrators in these schools, for failing to accomplish the standards. And ignores the educators’ effort to make improvement real, they can not make miracles, teachers and administrators need the support of parents.
    Notably the low performance public schools are located in poor neighborhoods where parents have limited resources that prevent them to guide their children’s education adequately. The government should supply these communities with organizations such as BronxWorks, a non-profit organization that offers programs to help individuals and families to improve their economic and well-being, and support neighbors to build a stronger community. BronxWorks provide programs like Home Instruction for Parents of Preschool Younger (HIPPY), where parents learn the tools to be their first children’s teacher, and prepare their children to success in kindergarten and beyond. To improve education in our public schools we need the accountability of parents, programs like HIPPY helps to engage parents in the education of their children, there may be better ones, but it is a good approach to begin with.

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