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SAT-taker trends clash with overall population changes

More black and Hispanic students are taking the SAT, but is that just because of overall demographic shifts? A reader asks for overall enrollment trends by race.

The data show that the numbers of black and Hispanic students in the city is not rising. The black population has been declining while the Hispanic population is also declining, though less rapidly. The number of Asian students in city schools is rising. This is according to both city figures on public school enrollment and Census estimates on the size of the school-aged population.*

I spent several months last year exploring the public school enrollment data, which contains all kinds of mysteries (one: white enrollment in public schools has declined while the white school-aged population, by Census estimates, which are imperfect, is rising). Alas I only completed my digging just as the New York Sun was closing, and it’s never seen the light of day — until now!

Here’s a chart I put together last year, using city data, followed by a chart using the Census’s school-aged population estimates:

picture-6

picture-8

*The demographer consensus is that Census estimates must be examined with a grain of salt. Though the Census does publish estimates of population data every year, splicing those by race or some other variable (like borough) makes the sample smaller, which in turn makes the margin of error larger. So be careful with this data.

UPDATE: Per the request of a reader, the two graphs now use a similar key, color-wise. Also an earlier version of the post didn’t include the full legend for the first graph. Now it does.

  • Dissenter

    I already heard someone argue that because the SAT scores were flat it was evidence of Klein’s “failure” without even acknowledging the fact that at least Klein has gotten more minority students to even take the test, which could also be a reason that scores are flat in NYC. Sheesh!

  • http://MoreThoughtful.blogspot.com ceolaf

    Approximate% of NYC school-aged population in public schools:

    Asian 90%
    Hispanic 80%
    Black 65%
    White 35%

    Is that right?

    Can you post these trends over time? That is, a graph based on graph #1 dates divided by graph #2 data?

  • http://edintheapple peter

    At the Manhattan School Governance Assembly hearing the head of School Construction, Greenberger (?) explained how the DOE employs demographers to predict space needs … based on census data … in my former district a staff member did careful analysis of census data by bloc tracts to predict space needs, the problem was that we could not predict immigration … census data does a poor job of counting immigrants … and, of course, kids have been siphoned off into charters … anecdotally Manhattan schools have had an influx of white kids … districts in distant Brooklyn (D 18/22) have decreasing number of white kids … an aging population, then again, will the bursting of the housing bubble result in more families buying in the outer boroughs … complicated but fascinating … it also impact elections, how has the voting population changed by race? Have u spoken w/ the Center for NYC Affairs (Milano) folk? They are heavily invested in these issues.

  • http://www.classsizematters.org Leonie haimson

    This is not particularly helpful re analyzing the SAT trends. We need the changing composition of HS students not the overall school population for that.
    Again, it would be more useful to have the percentage of HS students in the various demographic groups who are taking the SAT exams over time rather than the absolute figures; as well as their scores.

    The most useful fact would be to know the percent attending college over time — compared to those who entered HS five years before.

  • citizen1

    I’m interested in hearing more about this but can offer some anecdotal information. At my school (a new-ish, small, non-selective school in Brooklyn with almost 100% black population) everyone took the SAT–a really wide range of students, including special education students. I was shocked at the low scores of some of my best students–students who worked hard, got excellent grades, and practiced. The valedictorian got terrible scores and he’s now doing well at an Ivy-league institution. So I’d want to make two points: 1. I do think that with more students taking the test, scores are going to drop (so the fact that they are flat is actually good), and 2. low scores are not indicative, in my experience, of students’ inability to do well in rigorous academic situations.

  • Gideon

    Good point Citizen1. Good performance on the SAT is a good predictor of college success. The opposite is not true: poor performance on the SAT does not predict poor performance in college. Unfortunately, many colleges continue to use the SAT to screen thousands of applicants thereby missing out on many great kids who could have done quite well.

    It would be very interesting to look at SAT performance based on the racial composition or percent poverty of the school a student attends. Don’t know if that’s possible with existing data.

  • Howard T. Everson

    Analyzing short-term trends in SAT or ACT scores, and attempting to draw inferences about the quality of secondary schools, is often misleading. There are a number of measurement reasons for this, and why caution is warranted when drawing such inferences. First, SAT test-takers are a highly self-selective group—and we know from years of research that drawing inferences from self-selected samples can be quite misleading (lots of political polling data provide evidence of this, and this summer’s news reports on various political “town hall meetings” give us a real flavor of this phenomenon). The second point is that the SAT and ACT are norm-referenced tests, i.e., they are designed to reproduce a Gaussian distribution (the familiar bell-curve), thus stablizing the mean of distribution, and maintaining a highly stable average amount of variation in those scores over time. The short story, the take-away message, is that the SAT and ACT scores are designed to be stable over time. These two reasons–highly self-selected samples and psychometric design principles–lead to trends in SAT and ACT scores that remain relatively flat over time.

  • Jeff S

    …but then again Howard T isn’t the same supposed to apply to the New York State esams that the incompetent Mr. Klein always tries to point to in order to justify the miserable job he has done?

  • Howard T. Everson

    In response to Jeff S.’s comment, the reasoning I referred to with respect to the SAT and ACT does not extend to the NY State accountability tests. The State’s accountability tests are (1) designed to measure a set of grade-level specific content and performance standards, and test items are selected for inclusion to reflect that purpose; and (2) the accountability tests are not administered to self-selected samples—they are designed to be administered to the population of students across a state at specific grade levels, e.g., all fourth grade mathematics students. Thus, the set of inferences that can be drawn from accountability tests are different, by design, from the kinds of inferences one can draw validly from, say, a college admissions test. Educational measurement experts, typically, are quick to point out that the initial purpose(s) of a testing program should dictate the design of the tests, and should also circumscribe the kinds of inferences one can draw from the information provided by the testing program.

  • http://jd2718.wordpress.com Jonathan

    The addition of in-school, everyone-included PSATs for 10th and 11th graders has greatly reshaped the pool of SAT-takers in NYC. No way to analyze this stuff without looking at the changing pool. And as Leonie wrote, we need for a denominator the number of kids in 11 and 12 for SATs, not the number of kids in the whole system. Educational measurement experts, typically, are quick to point out that the initial purpose(s) of a testing program should dictate the design of the tests, and should also circumscribe the kinds of inferences one can draw from the information provided by the testing program.

    I like this. It speaks directly to using, resuing, or abusing the State Tests (which measure students against State standards) in NYC’s dubious “Progress Reports.”

  • sobey

    all the excuses are sickening as to why black & hispanic kids don’t do as well please if you instill dicipline focus and hard work and a NO excuses and NO I am a victim mentality these kids are just like everyone else the slackers don’t do well and the hardworkers do well please stop with all the BS of anylising everyone needs to crack the whip and study act like civilized people in school and learn at any cost what you are being taught and if the techer is not good or is not able to teach then remove the teacher.everyone needs to take responsablity for their job including the students,their gardians and the teachers.all these tests are all dumb down already to make everyone feel good well what about all the Asian students that bearly speak english they score high on the test becasue they bust their butts studying their families demand sucess.

  • citizen1

    Holy cow, someone get Sobey a teacher to help with his/her writing, stat. I have a “no excuses” attitude about horrible spelling. Sobey, meet spell-check, spell-check, meet Sobey.

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