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collateral damage

Report: City’s small schools push damaged large high schools

The city’s drive to open new small high schools has taken a serious toll on older, larger schools, and there are signs that the new schools’ success could be short-lived, according to a report being released today.

The report, an analysis of the small schools bonanza by the Center for New York City Affairs, concludes that the city must do more to support large high schools, which continue to enroll the vast majority of city high school students despite the proliferation of small schools, and which are straining under the burden of enrolling the system’s neediest students. 

At the core of the report is the finding that as small schools opened, large schools nearby suffered huge jumps in enrollment, especially among low-performing students and students with special needs. Those schools have seen attendance decline, disorder increase, and graduation rates drop, according to the report. In some places, these shifts have caused the city to restructure the newly troubled large schools, displacing at-risk students once again, the report concludes.

Schools Chancellor Joel Klein told researchers that he understands that his strategy of closing low-performing schools and replacing them with new options could inflict some collateral damage on large high schools. “This is about improving the system, not necessarily about improving every single school,” he said about the strategy at the center of his reforms since he took office in 2003.

The report backs up the city’s claim that the small schools graduate their students in higher numbers, but it raises questions about how long the schools can sustain their success. The small schools have higher teacher and principal turnover rates than other high schools, and many have already seen their initial graduation rates drop, the report finds. Plus, a higher proportion of small schools’ graduates have left school with the less rigorous state diploma type, which could prove to be a problem now that the state is requiring all students entering high school to earn the more rigorous diploma type.

Today’s report comes on the heels of a smaller-scale report released yesterday about the failure of new small schools to enroll and serve students who are learning English. Tomorrow, the City Council is taking up the state’s new graduation requirements, which advocates have called “a looming crisis” for the city students who are most at risk of not graduating.

I’m about to head to an early-morning panel discussion about today’s report, which is set to include Chief Schools Officer Eric Nadelstern; the principal of a large high school that appears to be doing well despite surging enrollment; Michael Mulgrew of the teachers union; an outspoken parent activist; and Pedro Noguera, the New York University professor who has published his opinions on this site. Klein is also speaking, and the panel is being moderated by the report’s lead author, Clara Hemphill, who also founded the Web site Insideschools.org (and was my boss when I worked there). I’ll have more from the panel discussion and from the report later today.

The New Marketplace

  • Dissenter

    Many of these large high schools were nothing but warehouses for children. Some, like MLK, Taft, etc. should have never been constructed to begin with.

  • Michael M.

    So… a philosophy that worsens the plight of those “vast majority” of students in large high schools should be a) celebrated, or b) denounced?

    The smaller schools practice “creaming,” but it is the students at the larger schools getting creamed.

    Re Klein’s: ““This is about improving the system, not necessarily about improving every single school”: That there’s lawyer talk — not educator talk. We’re not talking about “single” schools being adversely affected by a flawed philosphy; we’re talking about an entire category comprising “the vast majority” of the students in the grades under discussion. Maximizing pain is the exact OPPOSITE of good public policy, let alone fair to those kids.

    Mayoral control might be here to stay, but Chancellor Klein need not. To the degree those schools may have been “warehouses” before, Klein has made them moreso.

  • Pogue

    Those borough-by-borough hearings on mayoral control were a sham. Right now, most things politicians say are shams. They’ll give you the time, then do whatever the hell they want. I have never witnessed democracy so beaten and crushed down as to what Bloomberg, the City Council, and the Assembly are doing to the public trust. It is sickening.

  • Dissenter

    I will add John F Kennedy HS to the list. No one who walks through that building could reasonably conclude it was constructed with the intent of educating kids.

  • Michael M.

    Now now, D, let’s not blame the architects when it is lawyers running the system. ;-)

    And anyone who’s walked that building (I have not), or read its stats (I have), might wonder if word of “Brown v Board of Ed” ever reached da Bronx. Or Tweed.

    JFK High School is over 95% non-white-or-asian.

    Ironic — its students’ weakest Regents score, whether city-wide or relative to its “peer group,” was in… United States History.
    http(colon)//schools(dot)nyc(dot)gov/OA/SchoolReports/2007-08/ProgressReport_HS_X475.pdf

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  • Jeff S

    I replied in another thread to this…..the incompetent, unqualified and uncertified Joel Klein doesn’t have a clue to be in a position for which he does not have the slightest degree of understanding. I went to a large high school; there were a variety of activities such as sing, the school band where I learned to play an instrument, extra curricular activites. The large schools were also able to offer a large variety of courses….if 5% of the students in a school are qualified for advanced placement chemistry, it is much more likely a large school will be able to offer it rather than one of Klein’s smaller schools. Of course what makes good schools are good students; get rid of the few troublemakers and all schools can do well and offer a variety of educational experiences. Also there is the problem of the inability of the small schools to provide proper supervision of subject area teachers. How can a Principal, trained say in Social Studeis, properly evaluate a math lesson and know whether the math being taught is correct?
    Another example of the damage Klein, a non educator in a positon that should be held by an educator, has done. It will take decades to undo this damage.

  • I noticed that…

    Jeff S, I can top that: How can an A.P., with an Art License, observe, critique, and evaluate high school math teachers? Gheeze, I would like to see a dentist evaluate a neurosurgeon. But, that the system that Klein created.

  • Jeff S

    What is going on in the supervision of high school subject area teachers is very sad and also part of the new budgeting process. Schools were told they could have math coaches. In many schools Ihave visited, math coaches are illegally performing activities that should only be done by certified Assistant Principals. But that doesn’t sto some of the Principals from using them illegally. And in that way, they, instead of having an Assistant Principal in charge of Mathematics, they have a supervisor of record from another discipline, say Physical Education. What helped me as a beginning high school teacher of mathematics was that I had a real mathematics supervisor who worked with me and taught me the ropes. When you break the large high schools into smaller schools, rarely do you have the proper subject area supervision. Of course the Principal will have a certain subject area in which he was originally trained and may have an Assistant Principal trained in another subject area. But how can a Principal trained say in social studies be able to properly evaluate a lesson in chemistry and know whether the chemistry being taught is correct; perhaps the most important thing you need n a secondary teacher that is the proper knowledge of the subject. A teacher can follow whatever the protocol of teaching of the day is, can have the kids sitting around in groups facing each other (there are Principals who think that is the way kids hould be arranged in a senior high school believe it or not) yet not know the first thing about the algebra he or she is supposedly teaching. The harm this can di is incalculable. But that doesn’t seem to annoy Mr. Klein on his push for smaller schools. After all, it is not important to have subject area teachers well versed in the disciplines they are teaching in the high schools, now is it?

  • Michael Fiorillo

    Isn’t it also contradictory for the Chancellor to say, “This is about improving the system, not necessarily improving every school,” out of one side of his mouth, while he and others scream that “the kids can’t wait!” when it comes to ramping up charter school openings?

    If it’s not about “improving every school,” then many students are by clear implication being neglected.

    He is right about one thing, however: he and his McKinsey consultants are all about changing the system, although it has much more to do with the infinite extension of management prerogatives – and hiring, too: look at all the administrators it takes to run those small schools – and labor relations than it does with teaching and children. It’s small wonder that the current head of the New Teacher Project was a labor relations lawyer for the city.

    The small school movement was captured and perverted by the ed deform regime, and has evolved into a vehicle for enlarging school administration and diminishing resources – clubs, teams, electives, etc. – for students, while simultaneously carving away at the seasoned, unionized workforce and their contract.

    Hopefully this report marks the prelude to the demise of another educational fad, one that has brought a lot of damage in its wake.

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