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Is early reading instruction key to closing the black-white achievement gap?

Focus on the early years, says Stern. by woodleywonderworks

Focus on the early years, says Stern. Photo by woodleywonderworks

Close the achievement gap by focusing on early-grades reading instruction, argues Sol Stern in the latest issue of City Journal, calling for “a Marshall Plan for reading.”

Stern cites research showing that “controlled for socioeconomic variables, blacks were still at the 35th percentile of the white distribution in math and the 39th percentile in reading,” and that the gap occurred even when students attended the same schools and had the same teachers as their white peers. Stern identifies the root of the problem in “cognitive deficits” of black students when they enter school:

Inner-city black children, research shows, begin school with only half the vocabulary of white middle-class children. Typically, they soon fall behind in trying to decode how the written English language blends the sounds made by letter combinations into words.

The solution Stern proposes is to create an office of reading improvement within the DOE, which would then identify 300 high-poverty, low-scoring schools, fund scientifically-proven K-3 reading programs, reduce class sizes to no more than 15 students in those schools, and provide information to principals about the effectiveness of the program choices.

Stern projects the cost of such a “Marshall Plan” to be about $150 million.

  • Jack
  • GP

    Where does reading begin for children of low SES? Public Libraries and school libraries. What have we done to these institutions? Bled them dry systematically. And then our “rescuers” like Robin Hood Foundation (the same one our “Education” Mayor’s daughter happens to work for) can ride in on their white horses!

  • http://ednotesonline.blogspot.com/2008/08/sol-stern-misses-boat.html Norm

    Sol Stern misses the boat…

    (excerpt from my blog post on his plan)

    …in his Marshall Plan for reading in K-3 as he turns to a narrow view of reading methodology as a solution to whatever gap is being discussed. He talks about decoding and pushes his beloved “Success for All” program, a rigidly defined program that allows little flexibility for teachers.

    I mentored Teaching Fellows who used this program and what it was really about was reducing class size by taking the entire school’s resources – all out of classroom teachers – and for an hour an a half a day cutting the size of reading groups into more manageable chunks.

    Reading doesn’t just start with phonemic and phonic awareness but with speech – lots of it. And having stories read to kids an an early age.

    The concept of balanced literacy which he is so critical of, actually has some sound theory behind it in addressing some of these issues but was implemented by Klein’s non-educators in a destructive way. It also requires small, manageable classes, something Klein doesn’t believe in.

    I agree we should have a Marshall Plan for the schools. But covering only up to the 3rd grade (don’t we see the enormous slippage between 4th and 8th grade scores) will be a drop in the bucket.

    It is good to finally see Stern acknowledge the benefits of lower class size, which he used to pooh pooh. But if he thinks starting a reading program in kindergarten will do the trick, he is mistaken. By that time many kids need one to one assistance (Reading Recovery addresses some of this).

    Open up schools for parents to bring their 2 year olds to be read to. Strengthen local libraries and run programs for very young children. Arrange for trips. It is the bigger bolder approach to the whole child before they enter school. Any Marshall Plan should attempt to diminish the language gap by pre-school.
    The key ingredient in reading improvement is getting kids to enjoy reading. No easy task, especially when programs like Success for All and test prep often end up making the reading experience akin to taking a daily does of Castor oil.

  • chris

    It always comes back to the home life, doesn’t it?

    Norm gets it right–we’ve got to address the growing speech/language disparity before students enroll in kindergarten. Otherwise, it’s just a losing, uphill battle with increasingly disinterested students and increasingly frustrated educators.

    Unfortunately, whenever such 0-5 years issues are addressed (traditionally beyond the reach of K-12 policies), Klein et al immediately pounce, allege defeatism, and ignore the veracity of the conversation. But whether the corporate-ed, MBA brain wizards like it or not, this field isn’t a business; it’s (or should be) a partnership between schools, families, and communities. And to ignore the influence and foundational importance that a family has on a student before she ever enters a classroom is appalling and insulting.

    Yes, teachers have long used the often chaotic home lives of low-income students as a scapegoat for low achievement. This, too, must stop. But the harder policy makers squeeze teachers and directly tie professional success to individual student scores, the more desperately teachers will point to the obvious factors that inform the development of our students. I often wonder how Bloomberg would react if, on any given day, some of the servers at Bloomberg L.P didn’t function because they were tired or sad or had just been having a bad day…

    A single program or initiative can never hope to address these issues. We need a farsighted, thoughtful approach that brings families, educators, and policy makers together to, finally, act in the true interests of our kids.

  • http://charter.com Frank

    Check out the Book”Between the Rhetoric and Reality” Lauriat Press,2009; Simpkins&Simpkins. It contains information which shows that the only reading program, designed specificially for Black, at-risk disadvantaged inner-city students that works is the”Bridge Readers”. This reading Program was field tested by Houghton Mifflin Publishers, and showed amazing results for students in grades 7-12.

  • http://charter.com Frank

    Black students graduate three years behind White kids…Black students have a drop-out rate of 53%..If we combine this drop-out rate with the highly conservative estimate that 16% of these students will fail to pass state required exit exams, we arrive at a figure, indicating that only 37% of Black students will receive high school diplomas…Functional illiteracy is one indicator of the demise of a community..The Black community presently has an adult illteracy rate of over 44% and climbing…A great deal of young adult and juvenile Black male offenders are incarcerated at alarming rates within our correctional institutions…A large percentage of these offenders are “functionallly illiterate”…”If you don’t read, you don’t know and will never find out”..(Green)..Illiteracy remains that villian which continues to cause so many of the problems of the Black community and problems confronting other minorities…”Between the Rhetoric and Reality” Lauriat Press;Simpkins&Simpkins,2009…written by two African American brothers, can be previewed on either “Amazon.Com, or Borders”.

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